టీజీపీఎస్సీ గ్రూప్-1 ప్రిలిమ్స్ 2024

262 ప్రశ్నలు, ప్రతిదానికి అధికారిక సమాధానం మరియు వివరణ.

ఒకే ప్రశ్న పలు సంవత్సరాల్లో వస్తే, మొదటిసారి అడిగిన సంవత్సరం కింద చూపిస్తాం.

81. Q81TELANGANA ONLY: the plateau state

    Match the following irrigation projects/dams with rivers: List I Irrigation Projects / Dam Scheme A. Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation Scheme B. Nizam Sagar Project C. J. Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme D. Chanaka-Korata Dam List II River 1. Godavari 2. Krishna 3. Penganga 4. Manjira Choose the correct answer:

    • aA-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
    • bA-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
    • cA-2, B-4, C-1, D-3సరైన సమాధానం
    • dA-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
    ›వివరణ

    Option C is correct because the Kalwakurthy scheme draws water from the Krishna river, Nizam Sagar is a reservoir constructed across the Manjira river, the Devadula lift irrigation scheme pumps water from the Godavari river, and the Chanaka-Korata barrage is built across the Penganga river. Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation Scheme: Krishna river Nizam Sagar Project: Manjira river J. Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme: Godavari river Chanaka-Korata Dam: Penganga river Option A: Incorrectly associates Nizam Sagar with the Godavari mainstem and Devadula with the Manjira. Option B: Incorrectly places Nizam Sagar on the Godavari, Devadula on the Penganga, and Chanaka-Korata on the Manjira. Option D: Incorrectly matches Kalwakurthy to the Godavari and Nizam Sagar to the Krishna.

82. Q82TELANGANA ONLY: the plateau state

    Consider the following statements: A. The Aswaraopeta Assembly constituency area extends to the easternmost part/border of Telangana state. B. The Adilabad Assembly constituency area extends to the northernmost part/border of Telangana state. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    • aA onlyసరైన సమాధానం
    • bB only
    • cBoth A and B
    • dNeither A nor B
    ›వివరణ

    Option C is correct because both statements are geographically accurate regarding the extreme territorial reaches of Telangana assembly constituencies. Aswaraopeta constituency in Bhadradri Kothagudem forms the easternmost border of Telangana. Adilabad constituency in Adilabad district extends to the northernmost border of Telangana. Option A: Incorrect because statement B is also true. Option B: Incorrect because statement A is also true. Option D: Incorrect because both statements accurately describe the respective boundary constituencies.

83. Q83Ecology and ecosystems

    Consider the following statements: Statement I: Coral reefs are often called 'rainforests of the sea'. Statement II: Coral reefs break the wave energy and storms during cyclones, thereby preventing coastal erosion. Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:

    • aStatement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I
    • bStatement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement Iసరైన సమాధానం
    • cStatement I is correct, but Statement II is false
    • dStatement I is false, but Statement II is correct
    ›వివరణ

    Option B is correct because both statements are scientifically true, but Statement II describes the physical coastal protection function of reefs, whereas Statement I refers to their exceptional biological diversity. Option A: Statement II explains coastal protection and dissipation of wave energy, not why coral reefs are called rainforests of the sea, which is based on species richness. Option C: Statement II is an established fact regarding reef shoreline protection, making this option incorrect. Option D: Statement I is universally recognized in marine ecology, making the claim that it is false incorrect.

84. Q84Biodiversity and its loss

    'Impatiens Karuppusamy' recently appeared in the news, which of the following is the correct statement related to it?

    • aA new aquatic flora discovered by the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in the Thamirabarani River in Tamil Nadu.
    • bA new species of herb plant belonging to plant species discovered by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) in West Bengal Tiger Reserve.
    • cA new species of bamboo-dwelling bat discovered by the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve.
    • dA new species of plant discovered by researchers of the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) in Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.సరైన సమాధానం
    ›వివరణ

    Option D is correct because Impatiens karuppusamyi is a new plant species belonging to the Balsaminaceae family discovered by researchers from the Botanical Survey of India in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. Option A: It is a terrestrial flowering plant from a tiger reserve, not an aquatic flora from the Thamirabarani River discovered by NIO. Option B: It was discovered in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve of Tamil Nadu, not in a West Bengal tiger reserve. Option C: It is a species of flowering plant, not a bamboo-dwelling bat species.

85. Q85Biodiversity and its loss

    Consider the following statements: Statement I: Researchers from various institutions identified a new species of frog in the urban landscape of Karnataka and named it 'Sphaerotheca varshabhu'. Statement II: It was named Sphaerotheca varshabhu due to its behavior of changing color from brown to light brown at the onset of the monsoon season. Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:

    • aStatement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
    • bStatement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I.
    • cStatement I is correct, but Statement II is wrong.సరైన సమాధానం
    • dStatement I is wrong, but Statement II is correct.
    ›వివరణ

    Option C is correct because Statement I is accurate regarding the discovery of the burrowing frog Sphaerotheca varshabhu in Bengaluru, Karnataka, while Statement II is incorrect regarding the origin of its name. Option A: Statement II is wrong because varshabhu is a Sanskrit term meaning born out of rain, chosen because the frog emerges from burrows with the onset of the monsoon, not because it changes color. Option B: Statement II is factually erroneous rather than a true statement that fails to explain Statement I. Option D: Statement I is factual and accurate.

86. Q86Wildlife and forest conservation

    Consider the following statements about Seed Vault: I. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault facility is established on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen and is the world's largest secure seed storage vault. II. India's Seed Vault is located at Chang La in Ladakh, at a high mountain pass. III. The Indian Seed Vault was jointly built by the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources and the Defence Institute of High-Altitude Research. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

    • aI and II only
    • bI and III only
    • cII only
    • dNoneసరైన సమాధానం
    ›వివరణ

    Option D is correct because all three statements are factually accurate, meaning none of the given statements is incorrect. Statement I: Svalbard Global Seed Vault is located on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. Statement II: India's high-altitude seed vault is situated at Chang La in Ladakh. Statement III: The Indian vault was jointly set up by NBPGR and DIHAR. Option A: Both statements I and II are correct, so they cannot be selected as incorrect statements. Option B: Both statements I and III are correct, so they cannot be chosen as incorrect. Option C: Statement II is factually true and therefore not incorrect.

87. Q87Wildlife and forest conservation

    According to The India State of Forest Report - 2021 published by the Forest Survey of India, arrange the following states in descending order based on the percentage of geographical area under Recorded Forest Area (RFA) in 2021: A. Nagaland B. Mizoram C. Sikkim D. Arunachal Pradesh Choose the correct order:

    • aA, B, D, C
    • bA, D, B, C
    • cA, D, C, B
    • dB, D, A, Cసరైన సమాధానం

    అధికారిక సమాధానం చూపించాం. వివరణ సమీక్షలో ఉంది.

88. Q88Wildlife and forest conservation

    According to the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, the approximate percentage of the country's geographical area covered by forests is:

    • a19.1%
    • b21.7%సరైన సమాధానం
    • c23.1%
    • d25.6%
    ›వివరణ

    Option B is correct because the India State of Forest Report 2021 recorded the total forest cover of the country at 7,13,789 square kilometres, which amounts to 21.71 percent (approximately 21.7 percent) of India's total geographical area. Total forest cover: 7,13,789 square kilometres (21.71 percent) Total tree cover: 95,748 square kilometres (2.91 percent) Total forest and tree cover: 8,09,537 square kilometres (24.62 percent) Option A: 19.1 percent underestimates the country's actual forest cover. Option C: 23.1 percent overstates the forest cover portion, which is 21.71 percent. Option D: 25.6 percent exceeds even the combined total of forest and tree cover, which stands at 24.62 percent.

89. Q89Climate change: policy and response

    Which of the following statements are correct regarding greenhouse gases? A. Greenhouse gases absorb long-wavelength radiation emitted from the Earth. B. The heating of the Earth's surface and atmosphere is caused by the greenhouse effect. C. The El Nino effect occurs due to the greenhouse effect. D. According to the Kyoto Protocol, direct greenhouse gases are CO₂, CH₄, SF₆ and SO₂. Correct answer:

    • aA and B only
    • bB and C only
    • cA, C and D only
    • dA, B and C onlyసరైన సమాధానం
    ›వివరణ

    Option A is correct because statements A and B are scientifically accurate. Statement C is incorrect because El Nino is an internal climate oscillation involving coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics across the equatorial Pacific, not directly caused by the greenhouse effect. Statement D is incorrect because sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an aerosol precursor with net cooling effects, not a Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gas, which targets CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6. Option B: Statement C is incorrect because El Nino is a natural ocean-atmosphere oscillation. Option C: Statements C and D are both scientifically inaccurate. Option D: Statement C is incorrect, so any combination containing C cannot be chosen.

90. Q90Climate change: policy and response

    Choose the correct set of statements regarding the impact of climate change:

    • aRising sea levels, more intense hurricanes, migration of speciesసరైన సమాధానం
    • bDecrease in global temperature, increase in sea ice, expansion of tropical forests
    • cDecrease in ocean acidification, decrease in CO₂ emissions, increase in glacier mass
    • dDecrease in agricultural production, decrease in renewable energy sources, increase in polar bear population
    ›వివరణ

    Option A is correct because thermal expansion of oceans and melting ice sheets drive sea-level rise, warmer ocean surfaces fuel higher hurricane intensities, and shifting temperature zones force biological species to migrate. Option B: It is incorrect because global warming increases temperatures and reduces polar sea ice. Option C: It is incorrect because rising carbon dioxide emissions increase ocean acidification and accelerate glacier loss. Option D: It is incorrect because renewable energy is expanding globally while polar bear habitats and populations are threatened by sea-ice loss.

91. Q91Climate change: policy and response

    In which country did the Conference of Parties COP-26 take place?

    • aEgypt
    • bGlasgow, UKసరైన సమాధానం
    • cSaudi Arabia
    • dAustralia
    ›వివరణ

    Option B is correct because the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) was hosted by the United Kingdom in partnership with Italy at the Scottish Event Campus in Glasgow in November 2021. COP26 took place in Glasgow, United Kingdom in 2021 Option A: It is incorrect because Egypt hosted the subsequent conference, COP27, in Sharm El Sheikh in 2022. Option C: It is incorrect because Saudi Arabia has never hosted a UNFCCC Conference of the Parties. Option D: It is incorrect because Australia was not the host country for COP26.

92. Q92Climate change: policy and response

    Consider the following statements regarding the 30 by 30 initiative: I. 30 by 30 is a global initiative for governments to ensure that at least 30% of energy needs are met by renewable sources by 2030 to achieve the net-zero target. II. The 30 by 30 initiative was launched by the High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People. III. India is the first among BRICS countries to join the High Ambition Coalition (HAC). Which of the above statements is correct?

    • aI and II only
    • bII and III onlyసరైన సమాధానం
    • cI and III only
    • dAll of the above
    ›వివరణ

    Option B is correct because statements II and III are accurate, while statement I is wrong because the 30 by 30 initiative targets the conservation of at least 30 percent of the Earth's terrestrial and marine areas by 2030, not a renewable energy threshold. Option A: Wrongly validates statement I, which misstates the nature of the 30 by 30 target as an energy quota. Option C: Accepts the incorrect renewable energy description in statement I while excluding statement II. Option D: Incorrectly accepts statement I as valid alongside statements II and III.

93. Q93Climate change: policy and response

    Consider the following statements regarding the Global Shield against Climate Risks: I. The Global Shield against Climate Risks was launched at COP27 with the cooperation of the Vulnerable 20 (V20) Group, Group of Seven (G7) and other countries. II. The Global Shield reduces the impact of disasters, protects lives and livelihoods, and provides significant development and protection to countries through Climate and Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance (CDRFI). Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

    • aI only
    • bII only
    • cBoth I and II
    • dNoneసరైన సమాధానం
    ›వివరణ

    Option D is correct because neither statement is incorrect, as both accurately outline the launch partners and financial protection mechanism of the Global Shield. Option A: Statement I is factually accurate because the initiative was launched jointly by the V20 and G7 at COP27. Option B: Statement II is factually accurate because the initiative functions through Climate and Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance mechanisms. Option C: Both statements are true, making the claim that either is incorrect false.

94. Q94Climate change: policy and response

    The breakdown of the polar vortex contributes to the stabilization of the ozone layer because:

    • aThey accumulate ozone-depleting chemicals.
    • bThey disperse chlorine forms that destroy ozone.సరైన సమాధానం
    • cThey increase the rates of ozone-depleting reactions.
    • dIt stimulates the release of additional chlorine into the stratosphere.
    ›వివరణ

    Option B is correct because the breakup of the polar vortex allows warmer, mid-latitude air to mix into polar regions, which disperses and dilutes reactive chlorine compounds and halts the cold-dependent catalytic destruction of ozone. Option A: Accumulation of ozone-depleting chemicals occurs when the vortex is intact and isolated, not when it breaks down. Option C: Rates of catalytic ozone destruction decrease after breakdown because the polar stratospheric clouds that drive them evaporate with warming. Option D: The release of active chlorine radicals is facilitated by conditions inside the intact vortex, whereas vortex breakdown terminates this active phase.

95. Q95Pollution and its control

    Arrange the steps of photochemical smog formation in the correct order: A. Emission of NOx and VOCs. B. Formation of ozone due to reaction between NOx and VOCs. C. Ozone reacts with other pollutants to form NO₂ and O₂. D. Formation of Peroxy Acyl Nitrate (PAN) due to reaction between NO₂ and hydrocarbons. Choose the correct order:

    • aA, D, C, B
    • bA, C, B, D
    • cA, B, C, Dసరైన సమాధానం
    • dA, D, B, C

    అధికారిక సమాధానం చూపించాం. వివరణ సమీక్షలో ఉంది.

96. Q96Pollution and its control

    Match the following about Drinking Water Standards (BIS 10500:2012) with acceptable limits: Metal Acceptable limit (mg L⁻¹) A. Fe I. 5.0 B. Mn II. 0.3 C. Cu III. 0.05 D. Zn IV. 0.1 Choose the correct answer:

    • aA-II; B-IV; C-III; D-Iసరైన సమాధానం
    • bA-IV; B-III; C-I; D-II
    • cA-II; B-III; C-I; D-IV
    • dA-I; B-IV; C-II; D-III

    వివరణ త్వరలో.

97. Q97Environmental law, institutions and treaties

    Match the following Acts/Rules with their year of enactment: Act/Rule in India Year of Enactment. A. Forest (Conservation) Act B. National Green Tribunal Act C. Wildlife (Protection) Act D. Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) First Amendment Rules E. Biological Diversity Act Choose the correct answer :

    • aA-5, B-1, C-4, D-3, E-6
    • bA-1, B-4, C-5, D-3, E-2
    • cA-6, B-5, C-4, D-2, E-3
    • dA-5, B-1, C-4, D-2, E-3సరైన సమాధానం

    వివరణ త్వరలో.

98. Q98Environmental law, institutions and treaties

    Consider the following statements regarding the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA): I. The International Big Cat Alliance is a multi-country, multi-agency coalition comprising 96 big cat range countries, non-range countries interested in their conservation, conservation partners, and scientific organizations working in the field of big cat conservation. II. The Union Cabinet has approved a one-time budget allocation of ₹ 150 crore for a period of 2 years from 2023-24 to 2024-2025 and the establishment of the International Big Cat Alliance headquarters in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    • aI onlyసరైన సమాధానం
    • bII only
    • cBoth I and II
    • dNeither I nor II
    ›వివరణ

    Option A is correct because statement I accurately describes the coalition covering 96 big cat range countries, whereas statement II is incorrect because the Union Cabinet approved the Rs 150 crore budgetary support for a period of 5 years (from 2023-24 to 2027-28), not 2 years. Option B: It incorrectly validates statement II, which gives an erroneous timeframe of 2 years rather than 5 years. Option C: It assumes statement II is fully accurate despite the wrong duration for the financial outlay. Option D: It rejects statement I, which accurately states the composition and range-country scope of the alliance.

99. Q99Environmental law, institutions and treaties

    Recently, among the following, which is the 119th country to join the International Solar Alliance (ISA)?

    • aBrazilia
    • bRomania
    • cZubair
    • dMaltaసరైన సమాధానం
    ›వివరణ

    Option D is correct because the Republic of Malta officially joined the International Solar Alliance as its 119th member in February 2024. International Solar Alliance founded: 30 November 2015 Malta signed the ISA Framework Agreement: February 2024 Malta ISA membership position: 119th member Option A: Brazil joined the International Solar Alliance much earlier and became a full member in 2023. Option B: Romania joined the ISA as its 118th member in December 2023. Option C: Zubair is not an independent sovereign country and has not joined the ISA.

100. Q100Environment and health

     Recently, Tamil Nadu state banned the sales of cotton candy due to the presence of which carcinogenic agent?

     • aOrganochloric sales
     • bBenzidine
     • c1,3-Butadiene
     • dRhodamine-Bసరైన సమాధానం
     ›వివరణ

     Option D is correct because the Tamil Nadu government banned cotton candy after food safety laboratory tests detected Rhodamine-B, a synthetic chemical dye used in textiles and paper manufacturing that is toxic and classified as a potential carcinogen. Option A: Organochloric compounds are pesticide-related chemicals, not the synthetic textile dye found in the cotton candy samples. Option B: Benzidine is an aromatic amine used in dyes, but it was not the specific adulterant flagged by the state food safety department. Option C: 1,3-Butadiene is an industrial gas used in synthetic rubber production, not a food coloring adulterant.

101. Q101Environment and health

     Match the following health missions with their launch year: Health Mission Name Launch Year A. National Rural Health Mission 1. 2018 B. National AYUSH Mission 2. 2008 C. National Mission on Medicinal Plants 3. 2005 D. National Health Protection Mission 4. 2014 Choose the correct answer:

     • aA-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
     • bA-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
     • cA-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
     • dA-3, B-4, C-2, D-1సరైన సమాధానం
     ›వివరణ

     Option D is correct because the National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005, the National Mission on Medicinal Plants in 2008, the National AYUSH Mission in 2014, and the National Health Protection Mission in 2018. National Rural Health Mission: 2005 National Mission on Medicinal Plants: 2008 National AYUSH Mission: 2014 National Health Protection Mission: 2018 Option A: Mismatches the launch years of the National Mission on Medicinal Plants and the National Health Protection Mission. Option B: Incorrectly links the National Rural Health Mission to 2008 and the National AYUSH Mission to 2018. Option C: Incorrectly matches the 2005 launch date to the National Health Protection Mission.

102. Q102Sustainable development goals

     Which one of the following statements is/are true about the progress of the Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2)? A. The world is not on track to achieve zero hunger target by 2030. B. Burden of malnutrition in all its forms remains a challenge. Choose the correct answer:

     • aB only
     • bNeither A nor B
     • cA only
     • dBoth A and Bసరైన సమాధానం

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

103. Q103Welfare mechanism

     Match the following Acts with their years: Act Year A. The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1. 2016 B. National Commission for Safai Karamcharis Act 2. 1986 C. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 3. 1993 D. Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 4. 1989 Choose the correct answer:

     • aA-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
     • bA-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
     • cA-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
     • dA-4, B-3, C-2, D-1సరైన సమాధానం
     ›వివరణ

     Option D is correct because matching each social legislation with its corresponding enactment year gives A-4, B-3, C-2, and D-1. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act: 1986 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act: 1989 National Commission for Safai Karamcharis Act: 1993 Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act: 2016 Option A: matches the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Act to 2016 instead of 1989. Option B: matches the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Act to 1986 instead of 1989. Option C: matches the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Act to 1993 instead of 1989.

104. Q104Welfare mechanism

     Which of the following schemes/provisions is/are specifically meant for the socio-economic development of Scheduled Tribes? A. PM Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana B. Grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution C. PM Janjatiya Vikas Mission D. Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojana Choose the correct answer

     • aA, B and C onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • bB, C and D only
     • cA only
     • dD only

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

105. Q105Welfare mechanism

     Which of the following statements in relation to SWADHAR Greh Scheme are true? A. It is meant for Tribal women. B. It is funded by the Union and State Governments. C. It builds houses for women. D. It provides legal aid and guidance to women. Choose the correct answer:

     • aB and C only
     • bB and D onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • cA and B only
     • dA, B and D only

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

106. Q106Science, technology and society

     Consider the following statements: A. P.C. Mahalanobis is a renowned Indian statistician who gained high popularity and introduced new sampling methods. B. Meghnad Saha is a geographer famous for developing the Saha equation used to describe physical conditions in geography. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

     • aA onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • bB only
     • cBoth A and B
     • dNeither A nor B
     ›వివరణ

     Option A is correct because statement A accurately credits P.C. Mahalanobis for his pioneering work in statistics and large-scale sample surveys, while statement B is incorrect because Meghnad Saha was an astrophysicist who developed the thermal ionization equation for stellar atmospheres, not a geographer. Option B: Statement A is fully correct and statement B is incorrect, making B only wrong. Option C: Statement B is false because the Saha ionization equation belongs to astrophysics and stellar spectra rather than physical geography. Option D: Statement A is historically and scientifically true, so neither A nor B cannot be correct.

107. Q107Policy, missions and institutions

     Consider the following programs related to Science and Technology by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India: A. Strengthening, high-level indigenization, and shaping science application for livelihood. B. Technology intervention for persons with disabilities and the elderly. C. Tribal Science Program. D. Developing scientific applications on alternative research. Which of the above are correct?

     • aA, B and D onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • bC and D only
     • cA, B and C only
     • dB, C and D only
     ›వివరణ

     Option C is correct because programs A, B, and C are schemes administered by the Science for Equity, Empowerment and Development division of the Department of Science and Technology, while program D is not an existing DST initiative. Option A: A, B and D only is incorrect because program D is not a recognized DST program. Option B: C and D only is incorrect because it omits valid programs A and B while including the non-existent program D. Option D: B, C and D only is incorrect because it includes the fabricated program D and omits genuine initiative A.

108. Q108Policy, missions and institutions

     What is the name of the central program launched to promote Artificial Intelligence in and outside India?

     • aAI4Bharat
     • bINDIAaiసరైన సమాధానం
     • cBHIMai
     • dVIKASai
     ›వివరణ

     Option B is correct because INDIAai, the National AI Portal of India, is the central initiative jointly launched by MeitY, NEGD, and NASSCOM to champion and promote Artificial Intelligence developments, resources, and ecosystem partnerships within and outside the country. Option A: AI4Bharat is incorrect because it is a language-specific AI research lab based at IIT Madras, not the overarching central government portal. Option C: BHIMai is incorrect because it is a fabricated term combining the BHIM payment platform with AI and is not a government program. Option D: VIKASai is incorrect because it is not an officially recognized central program for artificial intelligence.

109. Q109Policy, missions and institutions

     Which of the following programs by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) is designed to encourage and support senior women scientists to conduct research in interdisciplinary fields related to Science and Technology?

     • aINSPIRE-SHE
     • bGATI
     • cSERB-POWER
     • dWIDUSHIసరైన సమాధానం
     ›వివరణ

     Option D is correct because WIDUSHI, which stands for Women Instinct for Developing and Ushering in Scientific Heights and Innovations, is a DST initiative created specifically to support senior women scientists, including those superannuating or retired, in pursuing interdisciplinary research. Option A: INSPIRE-SHE is incorrect because the Scholarship for Higher Education is targeted at young undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing basic and natural sciences. Option B: GATI is incorrect because Gender Advancement for Transforming Institutions is an institutional charter aimed at systemic gender equity, not a research grant for individuals. Option C: SERB-POWER is incorrect because it provides research funding and fellowships to active regular women faculty members, rather than targeting senior or retired scientists like WIDUSHI.

110. Q110Policy, missions and institutions

     The Raman Research Institute, located in X in India, was established in 1948 by Y. X and Y are respectively:

     • aBengaluru, C.V. Ramanసరైన సమాధానం
     • bBengaluru, Vikram Sarabhai
     • cTrivandrum, C.V. Raman
     • dTrivandrum, Vikram Sarabhai
     ›వివరణ

     Option A is correct because the Raman Research Institute was founded in Bengaluru in 1948 by the Nobel laureate Sir C.V. Raman using his personal funds and land gifted by the Government of Mysore. Option B: Vikram Sarabhai is wrong because he founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad, not the Raman Research Institute. Option C: Trivandrum is wrong because RRI is situated in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Option D: Both the location Trivandrum and the founder Vikram Sarabhai are incorrect.

111. Q111Policy, missions and institutions

     Which organization developed India's indigenous Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) with a capacity of 500 MWe at Kalpakkam?

     • aBhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC)
     • bCentral Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR)
     • cIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)
     • dBharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI)సరైన సమాధానం

     అధికారిక సమాధానం చూపించాం. వివరణ సమీక్షలో ఉంది.

112. Q112Policy, missions and institutions

     Consider the following statements about the indigenous Green Propulsion System successfully demonstrated in space during ISRO's PSLV-C58 mission: I. It was developed by Bellatrix Aerospace Private Limited under DRDO's Technology Development Fund scheme. II. The Green Propulsion System is an innovative technology, a non-toxic and eco-friendly propulsion system useful in low orbit space. III. The Green Propulsion System is suitable for space missions with high thrust requirements. Which of the above statements are correct?

     • aI and II only
     • bII and III only
     • cI and III only
     • dAll of the aboveసరైన సమాధానం
     ›వివరణ

     Option D is correct because all three statements accurately describe the indigenous Green Propulsion System tested on the POEM-3 platform aboard the PSLV-C58 mission. Developed by Bellatrix Aerospace under DRDO's Technology Development Fund scheme Provides an eco-friendly, non-toxic alternative to toxic hydrazine for low earth orbit applications Engineered specifically to cater to satellite and space missions requiring high thrust performance Option A: Omits statement III, which is a verified capability of this propulsion setup as highlighted by DRDO. Option B: Omits statement I, ignoring the critical funding and development framework led by Bellatrix Aerospace and DRDO TDF. Option C: Omits statement II, failing to account for the primary green, non-toxic operational benefit of the propulsion module.

113. Q113Space technology

     Arrange the ISRO rockets in order of their payload capacity (from lowest to highest): A. Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) B. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) C. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-XL) D. Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) Choose the correct answer :

     • aA, D, C, Bసరైన సమాధానం
     • bA, C, D, B
     • cA, B, C, D
     • dA, C, B, D
     ›వివరణ

     Option A is correct because the sequential growth of ISRO's launch vehicle capabilities progressed from the lightweight SLV-3 to ASLV, followed by the heavy-lift operational workhorses PSLV-XL and GSLV. SLV-3 payload capacity is about 40 kg to Low Earth Orbit. ASLV payload capacity is about 150 kg to Low Earth Orbit. PSLV-XL payload capacity is about 1750 kg to Sun-Synchronous Orbit. GSLV payload capacity is up to 2250 kg or more to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. Option B: Incorrectly places the high-capacity PSLV-XL before the lower-capacity ASLV. Option C: Places GSLV before PSLV-XL, reversing the order of the two larger vehicles. Option D: Places PSLV-XL before both ASLV and GSLV, violating the payload hierarchy.

114. Q114Space technology

     Match the following satellites with the year of their launching: Satellite Year of Launching A. Bhaskara-II I. 1988 B. GSAT-10 II. 1981 C. IRS-1A III. 1990 D. INSAT-1D IV. 2011 V. 2012 Choose the correct answer:

     • aA-II; B-V; C-I; D-IIIసరైన సమాధానం
     • bA-V; B-II; C-IV; D-I
     • cA-IV; B-V; C-II; D-I
     • dA-II; B-III; C-I; D-IV

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

115. Q115Space technology

     Consider the following statements regarding GSAT-N2: I. It is the first demand-driven satellite mission fully funded and owned by New Space India Limited (NSIL). II. The GSAT-N2 satellite is scheduled to be launched into space with the help of a SpaceX Falcon-9 rocket in the 2nd quarter of 2025. III. NSIL is taking the cooperation of SpaceX for this launch as India does not have a rocket capable of carrying heavy communication satellites. Which of the above statements are correct?

     • aI and II
     • bII and III
     • cI and IIIసరైన సమాధానం
     • dI, II and III
     ›వివరణ

     Option C is correct because Statements I and III accurately describe NSIL's commercial demand-driven mission model and the need to procure SpaceX's Falcon 9 due to the 4700 kg payload exceeding the capacity of India's LVM3, whereas Statement II is wrong because the scheduled launch window was 2024, not 2025. Scheduled launch timeline: 2024, successfully executed in November 2024 Payload weight: 4700 kg LVM3 GTO payload limit: approximately 4000 kg Option A: Statement II is incorrect because the satellite launch was targeted for 2024. Option B: Statement I is correct, while Statement II gives the wrong scheduled year. Option D: Statement II is false, making any option accepting all three statements invalid.

116. Q116Space technology

     Which of the following statements about Gaganyaan are true? A. LVM-3 rocket is the launch vehicle for Gaganyaan mission. B. It consists of solid stage, liquid stage and cryogenic stage. C. It has an Orbital Module (OM) which comprises of Crew Module (CM) and Service Module (SM). D. It envisages demonstration of human space flight capabilities by launching crew of 5 to the Earth's orbit at 500 kilometers. Choose the correct answer:

     • aB and C only
     • bB and D only
     • cA, B and C onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • dA and B only

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

117. Q117Space technology

     Consider the following statements regarding the Indian lunar lander that successfully touched down on the lunar surface: A. Its name was Chandrayaan-2. B. It was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 14th July, 2023. C. A lunar touchdown occurred on 23rd August, 2023 just after 6:00 PM IST. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

     • aB and C onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • bC only
     • cA and C only
     • dA and B only

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

118. Q118Space technology

     Which of the statements given below are incorrect regarding Aditya-L1? A. The orbit of Aditya-L1 is approximately 15 million kilometers away from Earth. B. This mission is useful for understanding Coronal Mass Ejections. Choose the correct answer:

     • aA only
     • bB onlyసరైన సమాధానం
     • cBoth A and B
     • dNeither A nor B

     అధికారిక సమాధానం చూపించాం. వివరణ సమీక్షలో ఉంది.

119. Q119Space technology

     Chandrayaan-2 carried eight experimental payloads to study the lunar surface geology, composition, and exospheric measurements. Among them, regarding CLASS (Chandra's Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer), which of the following statements are incorrect? A. CLASS is a sensitive advanced X-ray spectrometer on Chandrayaan-2. B. CLASS measures the lunar X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum. C. Major elements like Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti can be identified using XRF technology. D. CLASS is a fluorescence spectrometer. Choose the answer:

     • aA and B only
     • bB and C only
     • cC and D only
     • dA and D onlyసరైన సమాధానం

     వివరణ త్వరలో.

120. Q120Space technology

     Identify NASA's spacecraft that will study the physical changes in the 'God of Chaos' (asteroid) approaching Earth's orbit by 2029:

     • aOSIRIS-APEXసరైన సమాధానం
     • bNew Shepard
     • cVaskhod
     • dPioneer 13
     ›వివరణ

     Option A is correct because NASA repurposed the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft into OSIRIS-APEX (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Apophis Explorer) to study the asteroid 99942 Apophis, nicknamed the God of Chaos, during its Earth flyby in 2029. Option B: New Shepard is a suborbital rocket developed by Blue Origin for space tourism, not a NASA deep-space probe. Option C: Vaskhod was a crewed spaceflight programme conducted by the Soviet Union in the 1960s. Option D: Pioneer 13 was an interplanetary mission launched to study Venus in 1978.