(i) Comment on "Chandrayan" Programme. (ii) Discuss two salient features of IRS-5 Satellite.

Question

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

The Chandrayaan programme, begun with Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, is ISRO's indigenous lunar exploration effort that has advanced from orbiters to the Chandrayaan-3 landing despite Chandrayaan-2's setback. IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1), launched in 2005 by PSLV-C6, has two 2.5 m panchromatic cameras and same-pass stereo imaging for accurate elevation models.

**Introduction**

India’s Chandrayaan programme and IRS-P5 satellite reflect its strategic and technological growth in space, balancing scientific exploration with practical applications for development.

**Institutional Strength and Strategic Vision**

1. **ISRO’s Indigenous Development**: Chandrayaan missions leverage ISRO’s launch vehicle advancements like PSLV and GSLV Mk-III, enabling cost-effective lunar exploration since 2008.  
2. **Salient Features of IRS-P5**: IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1) carries two 2.5 m panchromatic cameras that take along-track stereo images for terrain models and large-scale maps, and flies in a sun-synchronous orbit for consistent coverage, supporting schemes such as Integrated Watershed Management Programme⟦1⟧ (IWMP) in ==Andhra Pradesh==.

**Challenges and Outcomes**

1. **Mission Risks and Resilience**: Chandrayaan-2’s soft-landing failure was followed by Chandrayaan-3⟦2⟧’s successful 2023 lunar south pole landing, demonstrating ISRO’s learning curve.  
2. **Data Accessibility Issues**: IRS-P5 data’s potential is limited by rural infrastructure gaps; initiatives like ISRO’s Bhuvan geo-portal and Village Resource Centres aim to improve data use in ==Andhra Pradesh==.

**Way Forward**

1. **Enhancing Indigenous R&D**: Continued investment in payloads and launch tech will boost mission reliability and reduce foreign dependence.  
2. **Expanding Rural Applications**: Using IRS-P5 terrain maps for schemes like the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) can improve resource management in ==Andhra Pradesh==.  
3. **Improving Training and Infrastructure**: Strengthening digital infrastructure and user training in rural areas will enhance satellite data utilization.  
4. **International Collaboration and Commercialisation**: ISRO’s foreign satellite launches can expand India’s space economy while maintaining strategic autonomy.

**Conclusion**

Chandrayaan and IRS-P5 exemplify India’s rise as a space power that advances technological sovereignty and supports sustainable development, especially in states like ==Andhra Pradesh==.

(i) "చంద్రయాన్" కార్యక్రమంపై వ్యాఖ్యానించండి. (ii) IRS-5 ఉపగ్రహం యొక్క రెండు ముఖ్య లక్షణాలను చర్చించండి.

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