Why is monitoring and weather forecasting crucial ? Discuss the role of ISRO in the weather prediction and…

Question

Why is monitoring and weather forecasting crucial ? Discuss the role of ISRO in the weather prediction and capabilities in Disaster management. Add a note on Mission NISAR.

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

Weather monitoring is crucial because timely forecasts protect lives, farms and coasts from extreme events, and ISRO's INSAT-3DR, INSAT-3DS and Oceansat-2 data feed IMD models and early warning systems. NISAR, a NASA-ISRO radar mission launched on GSLV-F16 from Sriharikota in July 2025, gives all-weather imaging of floods, landslides and earthquakes.

**Introduction**

Weather monitoring and forecasting are essential for India’s climate resilience, agriculture, and disaster management, with ISRO playing a key role through satellite technology and collaborations that enhance data accuracy and timeliness.

**Institutional Framework and Technological Capacity**

1. **ISRO’s Satellite Infrastructure**: ISRO’s INSAT-3DR, INSAT-3DS, Cartosat and Oceansat-2 satellites provide continuous earth observation data critical for weather monitoring and disaster management, launched from ==Sriharikota==, enabling precise ocean and atmospheric observations.

**Implementation Challenges and Outcomes**

3. **Improved Forecast Accuracy**: IMD’s forecast accuracy improved by 40% over the last decade, supported by ISRO data and the Bharat Forecasting System⟦2⟧’s 6 km resolution, reducing cyclone fatalities to near zero and improving lead times for warnings.

4. **Disaster Management Enhancements**: The MHEW-DSS⟦3⟧ system uses satellite data for real-time GIS-based warnings covering 80% of the population, improving evacuation and response times in ==Andhra Pradesh==, especially in vulnerable coastal districts.

5. **Mission NISAR**: The NASA-ISRO radar satellite, launched from ==Sriharikota== in July 2025, images Earth through cloud and darkness, aiding flood, landslide and earthquake damage assessment.

6. **Sectoral Benefits in Andhra Pradesh**: Weather advisories based on ISRO data have helped farmers in ==Rayalaseema’s drought-prone areas== optimize irrigation and cropping, while aiding water management in Krishna and Godavari basins, mitigating climate risks.

**Way Forward**

7. **Expand Integration and R&D**: Strengthen ISRO satellite and ground network synergy in ==Andhra Pradesh== and invest in AI-driven forecasting models and indigenous radar systems to enhance prediction accuracy and lead time.

8. **Enhance Public Engagement**: Promote citizen science and digital platforms for weather data crowdsourcing, with training for local disaster authorities in ==Andhra Pradesh== to improve preparedness and response.

**Conclusion**

ISRO’s satellite capabilities and missions like NISAR have transformed India’s weather forecasting and disaster management, particularly benefiting ==Andhra Pradesh==, with further technological and institutional strengthening needed to build climate resilience and sustainable development.

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