Discuss the significance of solar energy in India's renewable energy strategy. Highlight the major…

Question

Discuss the significance of solar energy in India's renewable energy strategy. Highlight the major initiatives, achievements and challenges in the promotion of solar power.

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

Solar energy is central to India's renewable strategy because it offers abundant, increasingly cheap clean power for energy security and climate goals, backed by the National Solar Mission, solar parks, PM Surya Ghar, PM-KUSUM and PLI. Tariffs fell nearly 65% in a decade, but land, storage and imports remain challenges.

**Introduction**

Solar energy is central to India’s renewable strategy, aiming for 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030 to meet energy demand sustainably and reduce emissions. Its vast potential is supported by over 300 sunny days annually, making solar a reliable and clean energy source.

**Institutional Framework and Policy Support**

1. **State-Level Implementation and ISA Leadership**: ==Andhra Pradesh’s solar parks and rooftop solar under PM Surya Ghar⟦1⟧ have driven capacity growth==, while India leads the International Solar Alliance⟦3⟧⟦2⟧, fostering global cooperation, technology sharing, and investment in solar energy.

**Implementation Challenges and Outcomes**

1. **Manufacturing and Financial Barriers**: Domestic solar module capacity doubled to 74 GW, yet import dependence remains, particularly on China. Financial issues and discom delays affect schemes like PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, limiting small-scale adoption despite subsidies.

**Technological and Economic Impact**

1. **Cost and Livelihood Benefits**: Solar tariffs fell 65%, making solar competitive; ==PM-KUSUM⟦4⟧’s solar irrigation pumps in Andhra Pradesh== boost agriculture and reduce diesel use, enhancing rural livelihoods and energy access.  
2. **Employment and Climate Goals**: PLI schemes enhance manufacturing and jobs, supporting India’s NDC to cut emission intensity by 45% by 2030. Solar energy also advances sustainable development and energy security.

**Conclusion**

Solar energy, propelled by PM Surya Ghar, PM-KUSUM, and strong policies, is key to India’s low-carbon future, needing grid modernization and sustainable land use to meet SDG 7. Continued focus on domestic manufacturing and environmental balance will ensure inclusive growth and climate resilience.

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