Evaluate the effectiveness of current biodiversity conservation strategies implemented in India in…

Question

Evaluate the effectiveness of current biodiversity conservation strategies implemented in India in conserving endangered species.

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

India's conservation strategies have revived flagship species and widened protected areas, but remain narrow, under-funded and weak outside reserves and on human-wildlife conflict. Tigers rose from 1,411 in 2006 to 3,682 in 2022 under Project Tiger, and protected areas grew from 745 in 2014 to 1,134 in 2025.

**Introduction**

India, a mega-biodiversity hotspot, faces severe threats to endangered species from habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict, necessitating effective conservation strategies aligned with global frameworks like the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

**Assessing Effectiveness of Biodiversity Conservation Strategies in India**

1. **Protected Areas⟦2⟧⟦1⟧ and Community Reserves Expansion**: Protected areas grew from 745 in 2014 to 1,134 in 2025, covering 5.3% of land, aiding species like tigers and elephants; Community Reserves increased from 43 to 220, reflecting enhanced local participation.

2. **Flagship Species Recovery Programs**: Project Tiger⟦3⟧ boosted tiger populations from 1,411 in 2006 to 3,682 in 2022; Project Elephant⟦4⟧ and Project Snow Leopard contributed to stabilizing endangered species through habitat management and conflict mitigation.

**Contribution to Conserving Endangered Species**

1. **Legal and Policy Frameworks**: The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and its amendments provide strong legal protection for Schedule I species; the updated NBSAP 2024–30 emphasizes ecosystem-based management and community involvement.

2. **Community-Based Conservation and Indigenous Knowledge**: Rising Community Reserves and initiatives like ==Telangana==’s Mission Kakatiya empower local communities and support aquatic biodiversity.

**Strengths and Weaknesses of Conservation Strategies**

1. **Strengths**: Robust legal frameworks and institutions like the National Board for Wildlife, plus expanding protected areas and community participation, underpin conservation efforts.

2. **Weaknesses**: Funding cuts, bureaucratic opacity, restricted research access, and neglect of non-protected ecosystems limit effectiveness; human-wildlife conflicts remain a critical challenge.

**Conclusion**

While India’s biodiversity strategies have achieved notable successes, addressing funding, governance, and ecosystem inclusivity is essential for conserving endangered species sustainably.

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