Discuss the role of sustainable and organic farming practices towards achieving Food Security in India.

Question

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

Sustainable and organic farming support food security by restoring soil health for stable yields, improving nutritional security, building climate resilience and opening export markets, backed by schemes like PKVY and NMSA. Initial yield losses of 20-30%, weak awareness and costly certification must be addressed for wider adoption.

**Introduction**

India’s shift to sustainable and organic farming is vital for food security⟦1⟧, balancing rising demand with environmental and health priorities through schemes like NMSA and PKVY.

**Contributions to Food Security**

1. **Soil Health and Stable Yields**: Sustainable practices using bio-fertilisers and crop⟦2⟧ rotation under NMSA maintain soil fertility and reduce degradation, ensuring consistent food production.  
2. **Nutritional Security and Health**: Organic produce free from harmful chemicals supports better health, crucial for a productive population post-pandemic.  
3. **Climate Adaptation**: Rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation under NMSA enhance resilience against floods and droughts, securing farmer livelihoods and food supply.  
4. **Economic Opportunities**: India’s organic exports expected to hit USD 2,601 million by 2026 improve farmer incomes and global market presence.

**Challenges and Opportunities**

1. **Yield Penalties and Financial Risks**: Initial 20-30% yield drops require financial support; schemes like PM-KISAN can mitigate risks for small farmers.  
2. **Awareness and Certification**: Limited knowledge and high certification costs hinder adoption; Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) and PKVY aid market access.

**Way Forward**

1. **Financial and Insurance Support**: Expand PKVY and crop insurance tailored for organic farmers.  
2. **Digital Extension and Market Linkages**: Use Digital Agriculture Mission⟦4⟧⟦3⟧ tools and strengthen FPOs, especially in ==Telangana’s Deccan interior==, to spread best practices and improve markets.  
3. **R&D Investment**: Boost research on organic inputs and climate-resilient crops via Telangana’s institutions.

**Conclusion**

Sustainable farming, backed by NFSA and PMGKAY, offers a resilient, inclusive path to food security, aligning with SDG 2 and “Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas.”

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