2015 · GS Paper 4 · Q1(a) · 10 marks
What is meant by 'environmental ethics'? Why is it important to study? Discuss any one environmental issue from the viewpoint of environmental ethics.
In short
Environmental ethics studies the moral relationship between humans and nature and is vital because it shapes choices beyond law and protects the vulnerable and future generations. Viewed through it, climate change is a question of justice: the US caused about a fifth of cumulative emissions, India about 3%.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 259 words
Widening moral circle
It moves from anthropocentrism to biocentrism and ecocentrism, as in Leopold's land ethic (1949) and the Bishnois of Khejarli, who died in 1730 to save khejri trees.
Beyond the law
Law sets a minimum, while ethics shapes daily choices, the premise of Mission LiFE (2021).
Justice for the vulnerable
Over 90% of Ennore's residents are SC, ST or OBC (Round Table India), yet they bear its industrial pollution.
Content for rights
It informs Articles 48A and 51A(g), and M.K. Ranjitsinh (2024) recognised a right against climate change's adverse effects.
Historical responsibility
The US accounts for about a fifth of cumulative CO2 since 1850 and India about 3% (Carbon Brief, 2021), justifying common but differentiated responsibilities.
Duty to future generations
Today's emissions harm people not yet born, and Hans Jonas's imperative of responsibility forbids such harm.
Stewardship of a commons
In the spirit of Gandhian Trusteeship, India's net zero by 2070 must not burden the vulnerable.
This model answer is indicative and the model can make mistakes; please verify key facts independently.
Practise this question
1Get the answer sheet
Sized for this question.
2Write your answer
Timed, by hand.
3Get it marked
Your score and what to fix.
This chapter in the exam
Dimensions of ethics13 questions
Asked in 8 of 14 sittings since 2013
- 2026Citing the serious adverse effects of long-term medication, a doctor convinces the family of a female patient for surgery. This led the patient to reluctantly consent for the surgery, though her original choice was to opt for medication. Explain the concepts of paternalism and beneficence by analysing the doctor's action.
- 2026Some moral philosophers argue that spending some of your resources—without significantly affecting your financial stability—to help other people who badly suffer is our moral duty and not merely a matter of charity. Justify this claim by explaining the distinction between duty and charity.
All 13 questions, sorted by sub-topic, with model answers and practice.
Question from the official UPSC Civil Services (Main) Examination 2015 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.