Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since…

Question

Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since twenties of the last century.

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

From the 1920s the vision of independence expanded from self-rule to Purna Swaraj, civil liberties, economic justice, social equality and anti-imperialism, giving the masses a stake in freedom. The Karachi Resolution of 1931 on fundamental rights and economic policy became the blueprint for the Constitution's Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.

**Introduction**

Until 1919 independence meant mainly self-rule and Indian officials. From the 1920s, the Congress added objectives that turned freedom into a programme for remaking Indian society, later written into the Constitution.

**New Objectives Added to the Vision of Freedom**

1. **Complete independence and rights**: The Lahore Congress (1929) adopted Purna Swaraj, and the Karachi Resolution (1931) listed free speech, equality and universal adult franchise.
2. **Economic justice**: Karachi promised a living wage and state control of key industries, Faizpur (1936) adopted an agrarian programme, and the National Planning Committee (1938) made planning a goal.
3. **Social equality**: The fight against untouchability, equal rights for women and a religiously neutral state widened freedom to dignity for all.
4. **Federal and global vision**: Linguistic provincial committees (Nagpur, 1920), Purna Swaraj for princely states (Haripura, 1938) and solidarity with colonised peoples (Brussels, 1927) broadened the goal.

**Why These Objectives Mattered**

1. **Mass appeal**: Land, wages and dignity gave peasants, workers, women and Dalits a stake in freedom.
2. **Answer to critics**: A social programme undercut the colonial claim that the Congress spoke only for the elite, and drew socialists and youth in.
3. **Blueprint for the nation**: These goals passed almost directly into the Constituent Assembly's work.

SKETCH: comparison | From freedom-struggle goal to Constitution
a: Objective adopted
b: Constitutional outcome
- Karachi rights 1931 :: Fundamental Rights
- Economic programme :: Directive Principles
- End untouchability :: Article 17
- Linguistic PCCs 1920 :: States reorganised 1956
- Anti-imperialism :: Non-alignment

**Way Forward**

1. **Unfinished agenda**: Persisting caste discrimination keeps Ambedkar's call for social democracy relevant, and the Karachi pairing of liberty with livelihood still guides policy.

**Conclusion**

The new objectives turned self-rule into a promise of political, economic and social democracy, the soul of the Constitution and the Republic's unfinished agenda.

Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since twenties of the last century.

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