2022 · GS Paper 4 · Q8 · 20 marks
Ramesh is a State Civil Services Officer who got the opportunity of getting posted to the capital of a border State after rendering 20 years of service. Ramesh's mother has recently been detected cancer and has been admitted in the leading cancer hospital of the city. His two adolescent children have also got admission in one of the best public schools of the town. After settling down in his appointment as Director in the Home Department of the State, Ramesh got confidential report through intelligence sources that illegal migrants are infiltrating in the State from the neighbouring country. He decided to personally carry out surprise check of the border posts along with his Home Department team. To his surprise, he caught red-handed two families of 12 members infiltrated with the connivance of the security personnel at the border posts. On further inquiry and investigation, it was found that after the migrants from neighbouring country infiltrate, their documentation like Aadhaar Card, Ration Card and Voter Card are also forged and they are made to settle down in a particular area of the State. Ramesh prepared the detailed and comprehensive report and submitted to the Additional Secretary of the State. However, he has summoned by the Additional Home Secretary after a week and was instructed to withdraw the report. The Additional Home Secretary informed Ramesh that the report submitted by him has not been appreciated by the higher authorities. He further cautioned him that if he fails to withdraw the confidential report, he will not only be posted out from the prestigious appointment from the State capital but his further promotion which is due in near future will also get in jeopardy. (a) What are the options available to Ramesh as the Director of the Home Department of the bordering State? (b) What option should Ramesh adopt and why? (c) Critically evaluate each of the options. (d) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh? (e) What policy measures would you suggest to combat the menace of infiltration of illegal migrants from the neighbouring country?
In short
Ramesh should stand by his report, seek any withdrawal order in writing and escalate through the Chief Secretary, while securing his family's needs. Infiltration needs smart fencing such as the BOLD-QIT pilot at Dhubri, Assam (2019), audited identity documents and the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 280 words
National Security vs Family Welfare
Duty to the State pulls against his mother's cancer care and children's schooling.
Constitutional Duty vs Hierarchical Loyalty
Obedience cannot extend to suppressing a lawful report.
(i) CAPITULATE [Procedural-Evasive]
Withdrawing secures family comfort but is Moral Myopia.
(ii) CONFRONT [Strict-Legal]
Complaining against superiors is legal but a Lone-Rebel Reading.
(iii) EVADE [Empathetic-Humanitarian]
Leave citing his mother is Moral Escapism.
(iv) COMPROMISE [Compromised-Hybrid]
Withdrawing and leaking is Dual-Standard Practice.
(v) RECONCILE ✓ [Balanced]
Stand by the report through proper channels (recommended).
Written orders
Seek the direction in writing, as T.S.R. Subramanian (2013) [case] allows, and escalate to the Chief Secretary and, if blocked, the vigilance body under the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2014.
Family plan
Secure treatment and schooling so a transfer loses its sting.
Smart fencing
Scale the BOLD-QIT pilot at Dhubri (2019) and rotate border personnel.
Identity audit
Verify Aadhaar enrolment and voter rolls, and apply the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025 humanely.
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Integrity Under Pressure7 questions
Asked in 6 of 14 sittings since 2013
- 2025Subash is Secretary, PWD in the State Government. He is a senior officer, known for his competence, integrity and dedication to work. He enjoys the trust and confidence of Minister Incharge of PWD and Programme Implementation. As a part of his job profile, he is responsible for policy formulation, execution of projects relating to infrastructure initiatives in the State. Besides, he oversees the technical and administrative aspects relating to planning, designing and construction etc. Subash's Minister is an important Minister in the state and significant growth in urban infrastructure development and road network has been registered during his tenure. He is very keen for launching of ambitious road construction project in the near future. Subash is in regular touch with the Minister and is working various modalities of road construction project. Regular meetings, interactions and presentations are made by him to the Minister before a formal public announcement of the project is made by the Minister. Subash's only son Vikas is in real estate business. His son from his own sources is aware that a mega road project is on the anvil and announcement in this regard is expected anytime. He is very keen to know from his father the exact location of the upcoming project. He knows that there would be quantum jump in the prices of land in the vicinity. Buying land at this stage at cheaper prices would pay him rich dividends. He is pleading with him (his father) day in and day out to share him location of the proposed project. He assured him that he would handle the matter discretely as it would not attract any adverse notice as he in the normal course, keeps on buying land as a part of his business. He feels pressurised because of constant pleadings by his son. Another significant aspect of the matter pertained to the extra/undue interest in the above project by the Minister PWD. His nephew was also having big infrastructure project company. In fact, the Minister has also introduced his nephew to him and indicated to him to take care of his nephew's business interest in the forthcoming project. The Minister encouraged him to act fast in the matter as early announcement and execution of mega road project would enhance his status in the party and public life. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case. (b) Critically examine the options available to Subash in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would be most appropriate and why?
- 2020Rajesh Kumar is a senior public servant, with a reputation of honesty and forthrightness, currently posted in the Finance Ministry as Head of the Budget Division. His department is presently busy in organising the budgetary support to the states, four of which are due to go to the polls within the financial year. The annual budget for the current year allocated ₹ 8300 crores to the National Housing Scheme (NHS). This is a centrally sponsored social housing scheme for the weaker sections of society. Upto June, ₹ 775 crores have been drawn for NHS. To boost exports, the Commerce Ministry has been lobbying to setup a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in a southern State. After detailed discussions between the Centre and the State lasting two years, the Union Cabinet approved the scheme in August. The process to acquire the requisite land has been initiated. Not very far away in a northern State, a major Public Sector Unit (PSU) had proposed to establish a large gas processing plant for a regional gas grid. The PSU already has the requisite land. This gas grid is an essential component of the national energy security strategy. After three stages of global bidding, the project has been awarded to an MNC, M/s XYZ Hydrocarbon. The PSU is scheduled to make the first installment of payment to this MNC in December. The Finance Ministry was asked to allocate an additional amount of ₹ 6000 crores in time for these two development projects. It was decided that reallocation of the entire amount from the NHS allocation may be recommended. The file was sent to the Budget Division for review and further necessary action. On studying the file, Rajesh Kumar gets an impression that the reallocation might cause inordinate delays in implementation of the NHS scheme, which has been featured prominently in public rallies by senior politicians. On the other hand, financial constraints would lead to cost overruns for the SEZ and delayed payment to the international partner would cause national embarrassment. Rajesh Kumar discussed the matter with his senior officers. He was told that political expediency demanded immediate action in this politically sensitive matter. Rajesh Kumar felt that raiding NHS scheme for funding would invite difficult questions in Parliament. Discuss the following in the context of the above case: (a) The ethical issues involved in reallocation of funds from a welfare scheme to a development project. (b) Discuss the options available to Rajesh Kumar keeping in mind the requirement of proper utilization of public funds. Is resignation a worthy option?
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Question from the official UPSC Civil Services (Main) Examination 2022 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.