Write notes on : (i) Measures taken by the Andhra Pradesh government to empower women. (ii) Infant…

Question

Write notes on : (i) Measures taken by the Andhra Pradesh government to empower women. (ii) Infant Mortality and Death rates in Andhra Pradesh in the recent decade.

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

Andhra Pradesh empowers women through Mission Shakti, SERP self-help groups, the NTR Vaidya Seva Trust, ICDS nutrition and NTR Bharosa pensions, while infant mortality has declined over the decade with more institutional deliveries. The state's fertility rate is 1.7 and life expectancy 70.6 years, both better than national averages.

**Introduction**

Women’s empowerment and infant mortality reduction are vital for Andhra Pradesh⟦1⟧’s inclusive development amid demographic shifts and rapid economic growth.

**Institutional Measures for Women’s Empowerment**

1. **Mission Shakti⟦2⟧ and Social Welfare⟦3⟧**: ==Mission Shakti== provides safety and rehabilitation services, while SERP-promoted self-help groups build women’s economic independence through credit and skills; the ==NTR Bharosa pension scheme== offers financial security to vulnerable women.  
2. **Health Infrastructure and Education**: ==Dr. NTR Vaidya Seva Trust== and ==AP Vaidya Vidhana Parishad== enhance maternal and child health services; ==ICDS Scheme== and ==Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan== improve female nutrition and literacy, foundational for empowerment.

**Challenges and Health Outcomes**

3. **Healthcare Resource Shortfalls**: ==CAG 2024⟦4⟧ report reveals critical vacancies and inadequate community health centres==, limiting effective maternal and infant care delivery.  
4. **Infant Mortality and Fertility Trends**: Infant mortality rates have declined due to increased institutional deliveries under schemes like ==Janani Suraksha Yojana==; total fertility rate is 1.7, below the national average of 2.0, indicating progress.  
5. **Access Barriers Persist**: Two-thirds of women face financial and logistical hurdles accessing healthcare, reflecting persistent socio-economic challenges that limit empowerment and health improvements.

**Way Forward**

6. **Strengthen Workforce and Monitoring**: Incentivize rural health postings, expand training programs, and improve welfare fund accountability to enhance maternal and infant healthcare quality and scheme delivery.  
7. **Expand Nutritional and Digital Support**: Scale up nutrition programs targeting adolescent girls and pregnant women to reduce anaemia; increase rural internet access to boost awareness and uptake of government schemes.

**Conclusion**

==Andhra Pradesh’s multi-sectoral approach has advanced women’s empowerment and infant health, but addressing implementation gaps is essential for sustainable progress aligned with SDG 3 and SDG 5.==

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