Discuss the important anti-poverty programmes implemented by the Government of India

Question

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

India's main anti-poverty programmes are MGNREGA for rural wage work, NRLM for self-help groups, PM Jan Dhan Yojana for financial inclusion, the PDS for food security, PMAY for housing and NSAP pensions. Together they helped cut multidimensional poverty from 29.17% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23.

**Introduction**

India’s anti-poverty programmes have driven down multidimensional poverty⟦1⟧ from 29.17%⟦2⟧ in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23, supporting SDG 1.

**Key Anti-Poverty Programmes**

1. **MGNREGA’s Role**: Provides 100 days of rural employment, crucial for income security and reducing distress migration; demand rose 30% during COVID-19, though Andhra Pradesh⟦3⟧ shows implementation gaps.  
2. **Financial Inclusion through PMJDY**: Over 55 crore bank accounts opened, facilitating direct benefit transfers and credit access; pandemic surge highlights its safety net role.  
3. **Social Security and Housing**: NSAP offers pensions; PMAY targets affordable housing; however, incomplete rehabilitation of families displaced by Andhra Pradesh’s Polavaram Project⟦4⟧ shows execution flaws.  
4. **Public Distribution System (PDS)**: Ensures subsidized food grains, vital for food security despite leakage issues.

**Effectiveness and Challenges**

1. **Audit Reports in Andhra Pradesh**: CAG audit reveals ₹968 crore excess payments, welfare fund diversion, and poor compliance in urban local bodies’ solid waste management.  
2. **Convergence and Coverage Issues**: Lack of coordination among schemes and bureaucratic hurdles exclude many poor from benefits.

**Way Forward**

1. **Strengthen Monitoring**: Use technology and independent audits to improve transparency, especially in Andhra Pradesh.  
2. **Enhance Scheme Integration**: Coordinate programmes for holistic poverty alleviation.  
3. **Expand Funding and Coverage**: Ensure full entitlements and extend social security to informal workers.  
4. **Promote Sustainable Livelihoods**: Scale NRLM and urban missions focusing on skill development and entrepreneurship.

**Conclusion**

India’s anti-poverty schemes have made notable progress but need improved implementation and integration to fully eradicate poverty.

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