Discuss the grounds on which administrative action may be reviewed by the judiciary, and the various modes of such judicial review.

Violation of Fundamental Rights

Administrative actions violating Part III rights, such as equality (Article 14) or life and liberty (Article 21), invite review; the Sabarimala case tested constitutional morality against religious autonomy.

Excess or Lack of Jurisdiction

Courts ensure authorities act within delegated powers, as in State of W.B. v. Shivananda Pathak.

Violation of Natural Justice

Procedural fairness is mandatory; failure leads to quashing of decisions.

Arbitrariness and Unreasonableness

Article 14 prohibits arbitrary actions, per E.P. Royappa judgment.

Writ Jurisdiction

Supreme Court and High Courts use writs like certiorari, mandamus, and habeas corpus to check administrative excesses.

Constitutional Provisions

Articles 32 and 226 empower courts to hear petitions against administrative actions violating fundamental rights, with High Courts playing a key role in Andhra Pradesh.

Statutory Tribunals

The Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, offers specialized forums for administrative disputes, significant in Andhra Pradesh.

Review and Curative Petitions

The Supreme Court can review its judgments under Article 137, ensuring justice, as in Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra.