2016 · Paper II · 10 marks

Write about poet Molla, her work and style.

In short

Molla was a fifteenth-century Telugu poetess whose Ramayana, dedicated to Lord Srikantha Malleswara rather than a king, brought the epic to ordinary readers. Her style is simple and colloquial, rooted in Bhakti devotion and oral storytelling, avoiding heavy Sanskrit diction, which made her Ramayana a staple of Telugu households.

Model answer

Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026

Introduction
Molla, a pioneering 15th-century Telugu poetess, made the Ramayana accessible to common people, reflecting the socio-cultural and devotional ethos of Andhra Pradesh. Her work stands out for bridging elite Sanskrit traditions and popular vernacular expression.
Literary Patronage and Institutional Context
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Royal and Vernacular Backing

During the Vijayanagara Empire, Molla’s Telugu Ramayana challenged Sanskrit dominance in an age when royal patronage encouraged vernacular literature, though she dedicated her work to Lord Srikantha Malleswara rather than to a king. This period saw a cultural flowering that valued local languages alongside classical ones.

Distinctive Features of Molla’s Work and Style
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Simple, Colloquial Language

Her Ramayana uses lucid Telugu, avoiding Sanskritized vocabulary, making the epic relatable and accessible to the masses of Andhra Pradesh. This simplicity helped popularize the epic beyond scholarly circles.

Challenges in Reception and Legacy
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Gender Bias and Preservation Issues

Patriarchal biases and scarce manuscripts limited early recognition, though modern scholarship in Andhra Pradesh has revived interest. The oral tradition and limited manuscript evidence posed preservation challenges.

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Cultural Impact and Modern Recognition

Her Ramayana influences folk traditions and is increasingly included in educational curricula, affirming her legacy. Contemporary Andhra literary circles celebrate her as a symbol of vernacular empowerment and women’s literary heritage.

Way Forward
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Cultural Promotion and Digital Archiving

Encourage performances and develop digital archives to sustain and globalize her legacy. Folk and classical renditions at cultural festivals can keep her memory alive.

Conclusion
Molla’s poetry exemplifies vernacular literature’s power to democratize sacred knowledge and challenge social hierarchies, enriching Andhra Pradesh’s cultural heritage. Her work aligns with constitutional values promoting cultural preservation and inclusivity.

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Hand-drawn diagram: Molla's Ramayana: style. Mind map. Molla's Ramayana: style: Simple colloquial Telugu; Bhakti and ethical tone; Local idioms after Valmiki; Rhythm for oral recitation
Diagram: Molla's Ramayana: style

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This chapter in the exam

Andhra - Medieval16 questions

Asked in 8 of 8 sittings since 2008

2008
2
2011
2
2012
2
2016
2
2017
2
2020
2
2023
2
2025
2

Most tested: Telugu language and literature under medieval dynasties, especially Kakatiya, Qutub Shahi, Reddi, and Vijayanagara patronage.

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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2016 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.

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