Explain the possible limitations in the strategy for poverty alleviation adopted by the Government of India.

Question

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

India's poverty alleviation strategy is limited by fragmented schemes, inconsistent funding, weak institutional capacity, leakages, a narrow focus on monetary benefits and exclusion of marginalised groups. Though multidimensional poverty fell from 29.17% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23, 364 million Indians remain multidimensionally poor.

**Introduction**

India’s multidimensional poverty⟦1⟧ declined from 29.17%⟦2⟧ in 2013-14 to 11.28%⟦3⟧ in 2022-23, but persistent structural and implementation challenges limit the effectiveness of poverty alleviation strategies. The rights-based approach guarantees access to resources, yet uneven outcomes reveal gaps in policy and execution.

**Institutional Design and Capacity Constraints**

1. **Fragmented Governance**: Schemes like MGNREGA, National Food Security Act, and PDS function in isolation, causing duplication and weak convergence that dilute impact.  
2. **Resource and Corruption Issues**: ==Andhra Pradesh⟦5⟧⟦4⟧ CAG Audit== revealed ₹968 crore excess payments, welfare fund diversion, and delayed wage payments, undermining schemes like MGNREGA and PMMY. Inconsistent funding and administrative inefficiencies further weaken programme delivery.

**Implementation Challenges and Outcomes**

1. **Exclusion of Marginalised Groups**: Dalits and Adivasis face barriers in accessing PDS due to documentation issues; spatial disparities persist, notably in ==Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh==, where drought and underdevelopment exacerbate poverty.  
2. **Weak Monitoring**: Lack of real-time data limits adaptive policy-making in schemes like National Rural Livelihood Mission, delaying course corrections and reducing effectiveness.

**Way Forward for Structural Reforms**

1. **Integrated Governance**: Promote convergence of schemes for holistic poverty reduction, e.g., linking Purvodaya and Skill India Digital Platform to address multiple deprivation dimensions simultaneously.  
2. **Transparency and Inclusion**: Use digital audits and beneficiary tracking to reduce leakages; expand outreach via PM Internship Scheme and Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme to include marginalised groups effectively.

**Conclusion**

Addressing institutional fragmentation, resource mismanagement, and exclusion through coordinated governance and enhanced transparency is essential to realise India’s poverty eradication goals aligned with Viksit Bharat 2047 and SDG 1. This will ensure economic progress translates into shared prosperity for all sections of society.

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