Describe the MOM (Mars Orbiter Mission – Mangalyaan) programme of India? What are its distinguishing features?

Question

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), launched by PSLV from Sriharikota on 5 November 2013, was India's first interplanetary mission, the first Asian mission to reach Mars orbit on a maiden attempt. Its distinguishing features were a low cost of about $73 million, five payloads and nearly eight years of operation.

**Introduction**

India’s Mars Orbiter Mission⟦1⟧ (MOM), launched on 5 November 2013 from ==Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh==, marked India’s first interplanetary mission and the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit on its maiden attempt, demonstrating strategic autonomy and technological prowess.

**Institutional Design and Technological Capacity**

1. **ISRO’s Leadership and Infrastructure**: MOM was developed by ISRO using the PSLV from ==Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota==, with mission control at ISTRAC Bengaluru and support from the Indian Deep Space Network antennae in Karnataka.  
2. **Cost-Effective Indigenous Technology**: Executed at approximately $73 million, MOM is one of the most economical Mars missions globally, showcasing India’s efficient use of indigenous technology.

**Implementation Challenges and Mission Outcomes**

3. **Technical and Operational Success**: MOM overcame challenges of interplanetary travel, including multiple orbit maneuvers and Mars orbit insertion, operating successfully for nearly eight years before losing contact in 2022 during a Martian eclipse.  
4. **Scientific Contributions and Global Impact**: The mission’s five scientific instruments studied Mars’ atmosphere and surface, with data accessed by over 7,200 users worldwide via the ISRO Science Data Centre, enhancing planetary science and India’s global space stature.

**Way Forward**

5. **Enhance Indigenous R&D and Data Access**: Strengthen ISRO’s interplanetary mission technologies and expand data platforms to foster innovation, especially engaging institutions in Andhra Pradesh.  
6. **Promote Public-Private Partnerships and Skill Development**: Encourage collaboration between ISRO and private sector entities in Andhra Pradesh and establish training programs to build a skilled workforce supporting advanced space missions.

**Conclusion**

MOM exemplifies India’s rise as a global space innovator, leveraging indigenous capabilities and regional assets like ==Sriharikota==, laying a strong foundation for future interplanetary missions aligned with Aatmanirbhar Bharat’s vision.

భారతదేశం యొక్క MOM (మార్స్ ఆర్బిటర్ మిషన్ – మంగళ్‌యాన్) కార్యక్రమాన్ని వివరించండి? దాని విశిష్ట లక్షణాలు ఏమిటి?

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