Explain the following: (i) National Bureau of Plant Generic Resources (NBPGR) (ii) Wild-life sanctuaries.

Question

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

NBPGR is ICAR's premier institute for collecting, conserving and exchanging plant genetic resources, housing the National Genebank in New Delhi and handling germplasm quarantine. Wildlife sanctuaries are protected areas notified by state governments under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, such as Sri Lankamalleswara and Coringa in Andhra Pradesh.

**Introduction**

NBPGR and wildlife sanctuaries⟦1⟧ are central to conserving India’s biodiversity and genetic resources, crucial for ecological balance and sustainable development, including in ==Andhra Pradesh== where biodiversity supports agrarian livelihoods and ecological security.

**Institutional Framework**

1. **NBPGR’s Mandate**: As an ICAR institute housing the National Genebank, NBPGR collects, conserves and documents plant genetic resources and is the nodal agency for germplasm exchange and quarantine, while access approvals under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 rest with the National Biodiversity Authority.

2. **Collaboration for Conservation**: It works with State Biodiversity Boards and Biodiversity Management Committees⟦2⟧ to promote in situ and ex situ conservation across agro-ecological zones, enabling decentralized protection of region-specific genetic resources.

**Wildlife Sanctuary Management**

1. **Legal Setup and Purpose**: Sanctuaries, notified by states under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, protect wildlife habitats while permitting limited human use such as regulated grazing, differing from national parks in management flexibility.

2. **Ecological Importance and Challenges**: Sanctuaries safeguard rare species, such as Jerdon’s courser in ==Andhra Pradesh’s Sri Lankamalleswara sanctuary==, but face threats from poaching, habitat fragmentation, and human-wildlife conflict, requiring community engagement and integration with projects like Project Tiger⟦3⟧ and Project Elephant for landscape-level conservation.

**Implementation and Way Forward**

1. **Conservation Outcomes**: Sanctuaries have aided species recovery and habitat preservation; however, NBPGR’s ex situ efforts face gene pool stagnation risks, underscoring the need for dynamic conservation strategies that combine in situ and ex situ approaches.

2. **Future Directions**: Strengthening in situ conservation, capacity building, GIS-based monitoring, and public participation are essential for effective biodiversity governance aligned with India’s NBSAP 2024⟦4⟧–30, promoting sustainable use and equitable benefit sharing.

**Conclusion**

Integrated conservation efforts combining institutional frameworks and community participation will sustain India’s biodiversity heritage.

కింది వాటిని వివరించండి: (i) నేషనల్ బ్యూరో ఆఫ్ ప్లాంట్ జెనెటిక్ రిసోర్సెస్ (NBPGR) (ii) వన్యప్రాణుల అభయారణ్యాలు.

Model answer

ఈ ప్రశ్నను ప్రాక్టీస్ చేయండి

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