What are Vitamins? Give a detailed classification of vitamins mentioning their functions and sources of availability?
In short
Vitamins are organic micronutrients needed in small amounts, mainly as enzyme cofactors, classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, K), which the body stores, and water-soluble (B complex and C), which need regular intake. Their deficiency causes specific diseases, such as night blindness (vitamin A) and scurvy (vitamin C).
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 289 words
Definition and Importance
Vitamins act as enzyme cofactors required in small amounts, facilitating metabolism without providing energy, as per Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Nutrient Requirements (2020). Deficiencies cause diseases such as night blindness and scurvy.
Classification and Functions
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) dissolve in fats, stored in liver and tissues; vitamin A supports vision, vitamin D aids calcium absorption, vitamin E protects cells, and vitamin K is crucial for clotting. Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C) require regular intake; B vitamins assist energy metabolism and red blood cell formation, vitamin C supports collagen synthesis and immunity, as stressed in National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) dietary guidelines.
Sources and Regional Context
Fat-soluble vitamins are sourced from liver, egg yolk, butter, and sunlight (vitamin D synthesis); water-soluble vitamins come from grains, legumes, fruits like guava and amla, and animal products for B12. In Andhra Pradesh, local fruits and vegetables contribute but gaps remain in rural areas.
Way Forward
Strengthen community nutrition education, expand supplementation programs like vitamin A and iron-folic acid, promote biofortification, and integrate vitamin deficiency prevention into public health schemes such as ICDS in Andhra Pradesh.
Classification of Vitamins → Fat-soluble Vitamins → Vitamin A → Vitamin D → Vitamin E → Vitamin K → Water-soluble Vitamins → Vitamin B Complex → B1 (Thiamine) → B2 (Riboflavin) → B3 (Niacin) → B5 (Pantothenic acid) → B6 (Pyridoxine) → B9 (Folic acid) → B12 (Cobalamin) → Vitamin C
Vitamins’ diverse roles and sources necessitate targeted interventions to prevent deficiencies and enhance public health.
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