Define 'development' as explained by Prof. Amartya Sen. Explain the characteristics of the new development thinking, and also mention the four areas where the government has to play a crucial role.
In short
Amartya Sen defines development as freedom: the removal of unfreedoms and expansion of people's capabilities, and new development thinking is multidimensional, participatory, rights-based, sustainable and equitable. The government's four crucial roles are ensuring social justice, building institutions, creating economic opportunities and promoting sustainable development, as with Andhra Pradesh's DBT system.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 271 words
Capabilities Approach
Emphasizes enhancing people’s real freedoms, health, education, social participation, over mere economic output.
Multidimensionality of Development
Combines economic, social, political, and environmental dimensions, addressing equity and sustainability, crucial for drought-prone Andhra Pradesh.
Participatory and Rights-Based Approach
Advocates bottom-up participation, aligning with decentralization efforts like Panchayati Raj strengthening in Andhra Pradesh.
Sustainability and Equity Focus
Ensures current progress does not harm future generations and reduces regional disparities, vital for inclusive growth in vulnerable areas.
Implementation Challenges
Persistent issues like unequal resource distribution and governance deficits require strong institutions and political will to realize freedoms.
Ensuring Social Justice and Equity
Implements affirmative policies and welfare schemes such as Andhra Pradesh’s welfare DBT system targeting vulnerable groups.
Building and Strengthening Institutions
Vital for rights protection and service delivery, reflected in state efforts to improve health and education infrastructure.
Creating Enabling Economic Opportunities
Facilitates skill development and employment, leveraging Visakhapatnam’s port-led industrial corridor for inclusive growth.
Promoting Sustainable Development
Balances growth with environmental conservation, managing water resources via projects like Polavaram and addressing climate resilience.
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