2023 · Paper V · 10 marksFrequently asked

Digital platforms dramatically improve the quality and accountability of public service and facilitate citizen centric governance — Elaborate. Explain various Technical, Economic and Social bottlenecks in the implementation of e-governance programmes in India.

In short

Digital platforms such as DBT, e-Taal, RailMadad, MyGov, DigiLocker and e-District improve service quality and accountability through real-time transparency, direct transfers and grievance tracking. Their implementation faces technical bottlenecks (connectivity, interoperability, security), economic ones (high costs, device affordability, leakages) and social ones (digital divide, language barriers, low trust).

Model answer

Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026

Introduction
India’s digital public infrastructure21, including Aadhaar3, UPI, and DBT, has transformed service delivery by enhancing transparency, efficiency, and citizen engagement, yet faces significant implementation challenges that limit its full potential.
Digital Platforms Enhancing Public Service
•

Transparency and Direct Transfers

DBT has transferred ₹43.95 lakh crore nationally, minimizing leakages; Andhra Pradesh7654’s DBT-enabled welfare schemes demonstrate improved service delivery by reducing intermediaries and ensuring timely payments.

•

Citizen Engagement and Accessibility

Platforms like RailMadad and MyGov enable grievance redressal and participatory governance, increasing accountability. Additionally, initiatives such as DigiLocker and e-District projects improve access to digital documents and services, with Andhra Pradesh’s e-District project issuing digitally signed certificates that reduce physical visits.

Technical and Economic Bottlenecks
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Infrastructure and Interoperability

Despite8 connecting 2.15 lakh Gram Panchayats via optical fibre, rural and remote areas in Andhra Pradesh face connectivity gaps; fragmented systems across government levels hinder seamless data exchange and integrated service delivery.

•

Fiscal Constraints and Audit Findings

Andhra Pradesh’s post-bifurcation fiscal limits restrict infrastructure upgrades; the CAG audit revealed ₹968 crore excess payments in CFMS due to system lapses, highlighting operational inefficiencies and leakages.

Social Challenges
•

Digital Divide and Language Barriers

Marginalized groups and non-English speakers, especially in Andhra Pradesh, face exclusion due to low digital literacy and limited vernacular support on platforms, restricting equitable access.

Way Forward
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Expand Infrastructure and Inclusivity

Accelerate broadband and 5G deployment in underserved areas, enhance vernacular content, and improve digital literacy to bridge divides and foster inclusive citizen-centric governance.

Conclusion
India’s digital platforms exemplify New Public Management and digital-era governance but require overcoming technical, economic, and social bottlenecks for truly citizen-centric governance.

This model answer is indicative and the model can make mistakes; please verify key facts independently.

Hand-drawn diagram: Bottlenecks in e-governance. Bottlenecks in e-governance. Diagram (tree): Bottlenecks in e-governance; Technical; Interoperability, security, usability; Economic; Costs, affordability, leakages; Social; Digital divide, language, trust
Diagram: Bottlenecks in e-governance

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT)24 questions

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