The Constitution of India grants certain rights to citizens and also provides measures to safeguard them. What are the key constitutional arrangements to ensure the protection of these rights?
In short
The Constitution protects citizens' rights through enforceable Fundamental Rights, writ remedies under Article 32, judicial review and the basic structure doctrine, independent bodies like the NHRC and information commissions, and Public Interest Litigation. Maneka Gandhi (1978) widened Article 21 to include the right to live with dignity.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 244 words
Fundamental Rights under Part III
Articles 14-18 guarantee equality; Article 19 protects freedoms; Article 21 ensures life and liberty; Articles 25-28 secure religious freedom, reflecting secularism.
Citizenship Distinctions
Rights like equality in public employment (Article 16) are reserved for citizens, balancing individual and national interests.
Judicial Enforcement via Article 32
The Supreme Court’s writ jurisdiction protects rights, exemplified by Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) expanding Article 21’s scope.
Reasonable Restrictions and Emergencies
Rights can be limited for sovereignty and public order, with suspension during emergencies (Articles 352, 359), as seen in the 1975-77 Emergency.
Directive Principles
Though non-justiciable, they guide laws promoting social justice alongside fundamental rights.
Independent Judiciary and Basic Structure
Kesavananda Bharati (1973) established the judiciary’s role as protector of constitutional rights.
Constitutional Bodies
National Human Rights Commission and State Information Commissions under RTI Act 2005, with Andhra Pradesh’s State Information Commission active in rights enforcement.
Public Interest Litigation
PILs have expanded access to justice, notably in Andhra Pradesh.
Legislative Measures
Amendments like the 42nd and laws such as the RTI Act enhance accountability and rights protection.
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Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights, DPSP and Union-State functions18 questions
Asked in 8 of 8 sittings since 2008
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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2025 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.