What are the challenges faced by women in India? Throw some light on the recent programmes initiated by…

Question

What are the challenges faced by women in India? Throw some light on the recent programmes initiated by the government for women empowerment.

Ghissu Editorial · Accepted Answer

Women in India face patriarchal norms, violence, low-paid informal work, skill gaps and a digital divide, which recent programmes seek to address through legal, financial and political measures. The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 reserves one-third of legislative seats for women, alongside Mission Shakti, Lakhpati Didi and Stand-Up India.

**Introduction**

Women⟦1⟧’s empowerment is crucial for India’s socio-economic progress but faces challenges from entrenched social norms and institutional gaps. Recent government initiatives seek to address these barriers.

**Institutional Framework and Policy Support**

1. **Government Initiatives**: Schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao⟦2⟧, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana, Ayushman Bharat, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, and Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana focus on health, education, sanitation, and financial inclusion for women.

2. **State-Level Programmes**: ==Andhra Pradesh’s Mahila Shakti Kendras, along with central schemes like Lakhpati Didi and Drone Didi implemented in the state, empower rural women via skill development and digital literacy, reflecting localized efforts.==

**Challenges in Implementation**

3. **Socio-Economic Barriers**: Patriarchal norms restrict women’s mobility and employment; female labour force participation is 41.7% (2023-24), mostly in informal sectors without security.

4. **Infrastructure and Health Gaps**: ==CAG 2024⟦3⟧ highlights Andhra Pradesh’s urban local bodies lag in solid waste management⟦4⟧ compliance and health infrastructure shortfalls, with 22% vacancy in specialist posts and only 175 Community Health Centres against 412 needed.==

**Way Forward**

5. **Enhance Support and Skills**: Expand One Stop Centres and Working Women Hostels, especially in ==Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh==, and tailor skill development to market needs with flexible work options.

6. **Bridge Digital and Health Gaps**: Improve rural women’s internet access and digital literacy; invest in health workforce and facilities to boost maternal and reproductive health.

**Conclusion**

Addressing multifaceted challenges through sustained institutional support and targeted programmes will promote inclusive growth and gender equality, aligning with SDG 5 and India’s vision for 2047.

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