Conversion of crop residues to bio-fuel is a potential method to reduce air pollution. Discuss.
In short
Converting crop residues into biofuels such as bio-CNG turns a pollutant into clean energy, cutting stubble burning and its air pollution while adding farm income and improving soils. Bio-CNG from residues can prevent about 20 million tonnes of CO2 a year, though machinery costs and supply-chain gaps slow adoption.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 270 words
Government Initiatives
The Crop Residue Management scheme (2018) targets key states with subsidies for machinery and bio-decomposers; ₹10,000 crore under GOBARdhan funds 500 bio-CNG plants, fostering a waste-to-wealth shift1. Additionally, over 40,000 Custom Hiring Centres distribute more than 295,000 CRM machines, improving farmer access to technology.
Judicial Directives
Hon'ble NGT OA No. 1016/20192 (17.02.2021) and Hon'ble Supreme Court WP(C) No. 13029 of 1985 (03.04.2025) enforce residue use in industries and curb stubble burning, though enforcement gaps persist. Mandatory use of paddy straw biomass in NCR brick kilns exemplifies judicial efforts to reduce pollution.
Environmental Impact
Bio-CNG production reduces ~20 million tonnes CO₂ annually; bio-decomposer sprays convert stubble into manure, cutting chemical fertiliser use by 20-30%, enhancing soil health. Crop residues also offer industrial uses in paper and textiles, providing farmers additional income of Rs. 3,000-5,000 per acre.
Policy Integration
Mandating biomass use in brick kilns per NGT orders and promoting co-ownership of machinery can improve residue management. Integrating crop residue use into industrial policies will create steady demand and reduce burning.
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