2026 · GS Paper 2 · Q16 · 15 marks

“Transparency and accountability in governance are not about controlling corruption but about creating the trust of stakeholders in the policy process by following the Rule of Law and Participatory Governance.” Comment.

In short

Transparency and accountability do curb corruption, but their deeper purpose is to build stakeholder trust through lawful procedure and citizen participation. In ADR v. Union of India (2024), the Supreme Court struck down electoral bonds to protect voters' right to know who funds parties.

Model answer

Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026

Introduction
In striking down electoral bonds in ADR v. Union of India (2024), the Supreme Court needed no proof of a bribe; it upheld voters' Article 19(1)(a) right to know who funds parties. Transparency and accountability thus aim at stakeholder trust, not only at curbing corruption.
Beyond Corruption Control: Building Stakeholder Trust
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Corruption control still matters

Direct Benefit Transfer has removed fake beneficiaries and the Lokpal Act 2013 creates a watchdog, so the statement understates this role.

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Trust is the larger goal

The Second ARC called RTI the "master key to good governance" because citizens accept hard decisions they can see being made.

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Clean but opaque still fails

Limited disclosure on the Great Nicobar project has dented confidence even without graft.

Rule of Law and Participation as Foundations of Trust
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Predictable rules

Fair procedure under Article 21, as Maneka Gandhi (1978) required, assures stakeholders that power follows law.

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Open law-making

The Pre-Legislative Consultation Policy of 2014 invites public comment on draft laws.

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Citizens as auditors

MGNREGA social audits and Meghalaya's Social Audit Act of 2017, the first such state law, let communities verify spending themselves.

Way Forward
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Strengthen RTI

Fill commission vacancies, as Anjali Bhardwaj (2019) directed, and protect whistle-blowers.

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Binding consultation

Give pre-legislative consultation and social audits statutory backing across schemes.

Conclusion
The statement is largely valid: curbing corruption is a necessary result, but the deeper purpose of transparency and accountability is trust built through lawful procedure and participation, the core of SDG 16.

This model answer is indicative and the model can make mistakes; please verify key facts independently.

Hand-drawn diagram: Pillars of Stakeholder Trust. Pillars of Stakeholder Trust. Venn diagram: Transparency, Rule of Law, Participation; overlap: Stakeholder trust
Diagram: Pillars of Stakeholder Trust

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This chapter in the exam

Transparency & Accountability, Institutional and Other Measures4 questions

Asked in 4 of 14 sittings since 2013

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2015
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2016
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2017
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2018
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2019
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2020
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2021
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2022
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2023
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2024
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2025
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2026
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Question from the official UPSC Civil Services (Main) Examination 2026 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.

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