(i) Illustrate the National Policy on Science and Technology. (ii) Discuss the role of technology missions in India with a suitable example.
In short
India's science and technology policy evolved from the Scientific Policy Resolution 1958 and the Technology Policy Statement 1983 to the 2003 and 2013 policies stressing innovation-led growth and stronger R&D. Technology missions turn policy into focused results, as the 1986 Technology Mission on Oilseeds drove the Yellow Revolution.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 250 words
Phased Development
India’s S&T policy progressed from Nehruvian institution-building (1950s-70s) to the 1983 Technology Policy2 promoting indigenous development, and the 2003 and 2013 NPST emphasizing innovation-led growth and academia-industry collaboration.
State-Level Capacity
Andhra Pradesh benefits from institutions like IIT Tirupati and the Sriharikota spaceport, supporting national missions and regional development in sectors like aquaculture and horticulture.
Sectoral Focus
Missions target critical areas; the Technology Mission on Oilseeds drove the Yellow Revolution, benefiting groundnut farmers in regions like Rayalaseema, while the India Semiconductor Mission is building domestic chip capacity, including a unit in Andhra Pradesh, enhancing technological sovereignty.
Governance and Challenges
DST and the National Research Foundation coordinate funding and policy, but India’s R&D expenditure (~0.65% GDP) and technology transfer remain limited, requiring stronger public-private partnerships and commercialization efforts.
Strengthen Innovation Ecosystems
Boost funding and institutional support in states like Andhra Pradesh to leverage local strengths.
Promote Partnerships and Commercialization
Develop incentives for private sector involvement and establish value addition centres to improve market adoption.
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Science, Technology & Innovation: policies, institutions, achievements20 questions
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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2011 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.