What is concept of cooperative federalism? Does it exist in Indian polity?
In short
Cooperative federalism is a partnership in which the Centre and states share responsibilities and resources to pursue common goals rather than acting in separate spheres, and it exists in India alongside centralising and competitive tendencies. The GST Council, where Centre and states jointly set tax rates, is its clearest example.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 259 words
Collaborative Model vs Classical Federalism
Cooperative federalism stresses shared governance and joint decision-making, unlike K.C. Wheare’s model that advocates for independent functioning within separate jurisdictions.
Constitutional and Administrative Tools
Articles 263 and 261, the 7th Schedule, and bodies like the Inter-State Council institutionalize cooperation by facilitating coordination and mutual respect among governments.
Evidence of Cooperation
The GST Council exemplifies pooled sovereignty where Centre and states, including Andhra Pradesh, jointly decide tax policies. The 14th and 15th Finance Commissions have enhanced fiscal federalism by increasing states’ financial autonomy and recommending performance-based grants.
Challenges and Conflicts
Water disputes over Krishna and Godavari rivers in Andhra Pradesh and politicisation of Governors reveal limits to cooperation and centralising tendencies that strain Centre-state relations.
Strengthen Institutions and Fiscal Autonomy
Empower the Inter-State Council and GST Council with greater authority and ensure regular meetings. Increase untied grants and reduce conditionalities in Centrally Sponsored Schemes to give states like Andhra Pradesh more flexibility.
Inclusive Policy-Making and Dispute Resolution
Platforms like NITI Aayog should involve states comprehensively in policy formulation. Establish permanent mechanisms for resolving inter-state conflicts, especially on resource sharing, to prevent confrontational federalism and promote harmony.
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Federal structure, Governor and distribution of powers17 questions
Asked in 8 of 8 sittings since 2008
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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2016 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.