2017 · Paper III · 10 marks

Describe the formation and functions of Inter-State Council. State some of the important decisions taken by the Inter-State Council in the last 3 years.

In short

Formed under Article 263 and chaired by the Prime Minister with Chief Ministers and Union ministers, the Inter-State Council advises on Centre-State and inter-state issues to promote cooperative federalism. Its revived 2016 meeting took up the Punchhi Commission recommendations, Aadhaar-based direct benefit transfers, school education and internal security.

Model answer

Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026

Introduction
The Inter-State Council (ISC), created under Article 263, facilitates dialogue between the Union and states1, crucial for managing disputes and policy coordination in India’s federal system. Its role has become increasingly important amid complex challenges like water sharing and economic reforms.
Institutional Design and Composition
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Constitutional Foundation

The President establishes ISC to inquire into inter-state disputes and advise on common interests; chaired by the Prime Minister with Chief Ministers, Union Ministers, and Administrators. This flexible design allows the Council to address evolving federal issues.

•

Secretariat and Standing Committee

Supported by a Secretariat and a Standing Committee led by the Home Minister, ensuring continuous monitoring and preparation of issues. The Standing Committee works year-round to track progress and prepare agendas for the full Council.

Functions and Operational Challenges
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Policy Coordination and Dispute Resolution

ISC addresses issues like economic reforms and inter-state water disputes (e.g., Cauvery, Krishna), but its advisory role limits enforcement. The Council acts as a forum to bridge trust deficits and promote cooperative federalism.

Recent Decisions and Initiatives
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2016 Meeting Agenda

The July 2016 meeting, the first in a decade, took up the Punchhi Commission recommendations, Aadhaar-based direct benefit transfers, school education quality and internal security.

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Strengthening Federal Dialogue

The Standing Committee was revived to process the Punchhi Commission recommendations and prepare future agendas.

Way Forward
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Regular Meetings and Enhanced Secretariat

Meet thrice yearly with expert support for better monitoring and research, improving the Council’s effectiveness.

Conclusion
ISC remains central to India’s federal harmony; institutional strengthening is essential for effective Centre-State cooperation and resolving inter-state issues.

This model answer is indicative and the model can make mistakes; please verify key facts independently.

Hand-drawn diagram: Structure of the Inter-State Council. Structure of the Inter-State Council. Diagram (tree): Structure of the Inter-State Council; Inter-State Council; Chair: Prime Minister; Chief Ministers and Administrators; Standing Committee: Home Minister; Secretariat monitors implementation; Reconstituted May 2022
Diagram: Structure of the Inter-State Council

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This chapter in the exam

Federal structure, Governor and distribution of powers17 questions

Asked in 8 of 8 sittings since 2008

2008
2
2011
2
2012
1
2016
3
2017
2
2020
2
2023
3
2025
2

Most tested: Centre–State balance and the extent of Union supremacy over States

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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2017 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.

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