Explain any five salient features of the Indian Constitution.
In short
Five salient features of the Indian Constitution are its length as the world's longest written constitution, a federal structure with a unitary bias, parliamentary democracy, an independent judiciary with judicial review, and the Directive Principles of State Policy. Its Article 368 amendment procedure balances flexibility with the basic structure.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 256 words
Lengthiest Written Constitution
With about 470 articles and 12 schedules, it addresses India’s complex governance needs, reflecting diversity and administrative detail unmatched globally.
Federal Structure with Unitary Bias
It divides powers between Centre and states but centralises authority through provisions like Article 356 and the All India Services, ensuring national unity amid diversity.
Basic Structure Doctrine
The Kesavananda Bharati case upheld constitutional morality by limiting amendments, preserving core values and preventing arbitrary changes to fundamental features.
Judicial Activism
Judgments such as Puttuswamy (privacy as a fundamental right) and Anuj Garg expanded rights, reflecting progressive constitutionalism and the judiciary’s role in social transformation.
Centre-State Relations
Central dominance has caused tensions, notably in Andhra Pradesh post-bifurcation demands for Special Category Status, highlighting challenges in cooperative federalism.
Enhance Cooperative Federalism
Strengthening the Inter-State Council and respecting state autonomy can address regional aspirations and improve trust between Centre and states.
Judicial Reforms
Technology adoption and capacity-building in courts can reduce delays and pendency, reinforcing timely access to justice and protection of constitutional rights.
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Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights, DPSP and Union-State functions18 questions
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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2020 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.