What is meant by open cast mining ? Discuss the impacts of open cast mining on environment and solutions to overcome them. Add a note on the importance of post mining reclamation.
In short
Open cast mining extracts minerals near the surface by removing large areas of soil and rock, causing deforestation, land degradation, water and air pollution and displacement. Post-mining reclamation, through native planting, check-dams and contour trenches under an Environment Management Plan, restores pits to forest, farmland or water bodies.
Model answer
Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026 · 275 words
Legal and Institutional Measures
The Mineral Conservation and Development Rules (MCDR), 1988 mandate Environment Management Plans (EMP); state and central roles under the MMDR Act require coordination for enforcement. The involvement of autonomous regulatory bodies has been recommended to enhance transparency and accountability.
Monitoring Innovations
National tools like the Integrated Mining Surveillance System1 (iMSS) and Mine Mitra portal improve transparency and curb illegal mining, aiding Andhra Pradesh’s regulatory capacity. These digital platforms enable real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making to enforce environmental norms effectively.
Ecological Damage
Open cast mining leads to deforestation, land degradation, water pollution, and air pollution, harming biodiversity and public health in Andhra Pradesh’s mining regions. Contamination of groundwater and depletion of water tables further exacerbate environmental stress.
Community Displacement
Loss of agricultural land and displacement disrupt livelihoods, highlighting the need for social security and alternative employment. The socio-economic fabric of mining-affected areas suffers, requiring comprehensive rehabilitation and skill development programs.
Bio-Reclamation and EMPs
Techniques like gabion check-dams and native species plantation restore mine spoils; rigorous Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) guide sustainable mining. The Central Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute’s projects exemplify successful ecological restoration.
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Question from the official APPSC Group-I Mains 2023 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.