2024 · Paper IV · 10 marksFrequently asked

What changes have been introduced in money supply measures as per the recommendations of the Working Group on Money Supply, 1998 chaired by Dr. Y.V. Reddy?

In short

The Y.V. Reddy Working Group (1998) excluded post office deposits from monetary aggregates and redefined them: M1 as currency, demand deposits and other RBI deposits; M2 adding short-term time deposits and CDs; and M3 adding longer deposits and call borrowings. It also introduced liquidity aggregates L1, L2 and L3.

Model answer

Ghissu Editorial · Verified 4 Oct 2026

Introduction
The 1998 Working Group on Money Supply under Dr. Y.V. Reddy revised monetary aggregates to align with financial innovations, aiding better liquidity management1 and inflation control, especially in states like Telangana where banking penetration and financial inclusion have been rapidly expanding.
Refinement of Monetary Aggregates
•

Exclusion of Post Office Deposits

The Group excluded post office savings deposits from aggregates to better mirror banking liquidity, as these deposits did not reflect the banking sector’s balance sheet accurately.

Implementation and Challenges
•

Data Consistency Issues

Classification of savings deposits improved data quality but posed challenges for cooperative banks in Telangana’s rural areas, where uniform reporting standards were difficult to implement.

•

Financial Inclusion Considerations

Excluding post office deposits underscored the need to integrate non-bank financial institutions, important for schemes like PMJDY and KCC in Telangana, where significant financial flows occur outside traditional banks.

•

Liquidity Aggregates Expansion

Inclusion of liabilities of non-depository financial corporations helped capture broader liquidity beyond banks, aiding comprehensive monetary policy formulation.

Way Forward
•

Integrate Non-Bank Data

Incorporate data from NBFCs and post offices for comprehensive money supply measures, reflecting the full spectrum of financial assets in states like Telangana.

•

Enhance Reporting Systems

Standardize and digitize bank reporting to improve accuracy and consistency, especially across commercial and cooperative banks.

•

Leverage Technology

Adoption of real-time data analytics can help monitor liquidity dynamically, benefiting rapidly growing financial hubs such as Hyderabad.

Conclusion
Dr. Reddy’s Working Group reforms strengthened monetary measurement, supporting effective policy and inclusive growth in states like Telangana by providing a more accurate and relevant framework for managing liquidity and inflation.

This model answer is indicative and the model can make mistakes; please verify key facts independently.

Hand-drawn diagram: Nested money measures after Reddy. Nested money measures after Reddy. Pyramid, top to bottom: M1: currency, demand deposits, M2: M1 plus short-term deposits, M3: M2 plus long deposits, borrowings, L1, L2, L3: wider liquidity
Diagram: Nested money measures after Reddy

Practise this question

  1. 1Get the answer sheet

    Sized for this question.

  2. 2Write your answer

    Timed, by hand.

  3. 3Get it marked

    Your score and what to fix.

Share this questionWhatsAppTelegramXLinkedIn

This chapter in the exam

Money and banking4 questions

Asked in 2 of 2 sittings since 2016

2016
2
2024
2

Most tested: RBI-led monetary policy and liquidity management

All 4 questions, sorted by sub-topic, with model answers and practice.

Question from the official TGPSC Group-I Mains 2024 paper. Answer written by Ghissu's engine and checked against our editorial standards. Found an error? Tell us and we correct it within 48 hours.

Ghissu

OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·
OUTWORK·
OUTTHINK·
MASTER THE SYSTEM·